We want speed AND accuracy. Just try it right now- type a paragraph as fast as you possibly can. If you don’t have any errors in that paragraph then you’re either extremely talented or you didn’t actually type as fast as you could. Inevitably either speed or accuracy must suffer to improve its counterpart. The brain is no different; it must quickly process large amounts of information and accuracy suffers as a result. Humans are described as cognitive misers to illustrate our tendency to conserve thinking when possible (Fiske & Taylor, 1984). Because of this proclivity towards thinking conservation, we often utilize mental heuristics which serve us to make quick decisions about uncertain situations. These heuristics simply our lives, but will also lead us toward mistakes.
One such heuristic leads to incorrect judgment of risk or relevance and can explain why millions of people have a fear of flying over statistically more safe forms of transportation. The availability heuristic can lead us towards determining the frequency of an event by the ease at which it comes to mind. September 11th was the flashbulb memory of my generation; each person can tell you where they were and what they were doing when they heard about the attacks. The dramatic images that are burned into our minds have led to an increased fear of flying, even though the 1 in 2 million death rate from airplane flight does not compare to the more frequent 1 in 8,000 death rate from automobile accidents.
Still there might be another variable at play here: level of perceived control. Humans are programmed for survival, so it only seems natural that we would prefer the control of driving over the “sit and prey” of flying. Again problems with this logic arise because driving does not result in total control; even the best drivers cannot always avoid the poor ones. Inevitably, perception of reality trumps reality. When desire for control and heuristics lead us towards dangerous decisions, conscious override must be used to help us survive.
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